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Chemical Thermodynamics formula sheet

Every formula in the Chemical Thermodynamics chapter for JEE Main, with one line on when it applies. Topic 1 is open to everyone; sign in free to read all 25 and download the PDF.

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How we count: 7× asked means 7 past JEE Main questions in the PrepWiser bank needed that formula, and "last" is the latest year one appeared. ★ marks formulas asked 8 or more times.

System, state functions and the first law

Intensive and extensive
1× asked, last 2023
intensive=extensiveextensive:Vm=Vn,ρ=mV\text{intensive}=\frac{\text{extensive}}{\text{extensive}}:\quad V_m=\frac Vn,\quad \rho=\frac mV
Open: matter and energy cross; closed: energy only; isolated: neither.
State and path functions
4× asked, last 2026
∮dU=∮dH=∮dS=∮dG=0\oint dU=\oint dH=\oint dS=\oint dG=0
qq, ww depend on the path; q+wq+w does not. Clockwise pp–VV cycle: w=−w=-area.
First law (chemistry convention)
6× asked, last 2026
ΔU=q+w,w=−pextΔV\Delta U=q+w,\qquad w=-p_{\text{ext}}\Delta V
q>0q>0 absorbed, w>0w>0 done ON the system. Isolated: ΔU=0\Delta U=0.

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Practise Chemical Thermodynamics

22 more formulas in 6 topics

Work in ideal-gas processes; Enthalpy, heat capacity and calorimetry; Thermochemistry and Hess's law; Bond enthalpy and Born–Haber cycle; Entropy and the second law; and Gibbs energy, spontaneity and equilibrium. Read the first part free. Sign in free with Google to read the rest and download the PDF.

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Work in ideal-gas processes

  • Constant external pressure12×
  • Reversible isothermal work10×
  • Adiabatic change4×
  • Comparing work8×

Enthalpy, heat capacity and calorimetry

  • Enthalpy17×
  • Heat capacity9×
  • Calorimetry9×
  • Neutralisation7×
  • Phase changes6×

Thermochemistry and Hess's law

  • From formation enthalpies8×
  • From combustion enthalpies12×
  • Hess's law12×
  • Solution and hydration5×

Bond enthalpy and Born–Haber cycle

  • From bond enthalpies11×
  • Born–Haber cycle5×

Entropy and the second law

  • Entropy6×
  • Ideal gas
  • Phase change and heating4×
  • Sign of ΔS\Delta S3×

Gibbs energy, spontaneity and equilibrium

  • Gibbs energy13×
  • Crossover temperature15×
  • ΔG° and K9×

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About 160 past JEE Main questions from this chapter, with instant answer checking and step-by-step solutions where available. Free, and you can start without signing up.

Practise Chemical Thermodynamics

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