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Practical Organic Chemistry formula sheet

Every formula in the Practical Organic Chemistry chapter for JEE Main, with one line on when it applies. Topic 1 is open to everyone; sign in free to read all 18 and download the PDF.

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How we count: 7× asked means 7 past JEE Main questions in the PrepWiser bank needed that formula, and "last" is the latest year one appeared. ★ marks formulas asked 8 or more times.

Unsaturation, alcohols, phenols and acids

Tests for unsaturation
4× asked, last 2026
RCH=CHX2+BrX2→RCHBr−CHX2BrRCH=CHX2→cold dil. KMnOX4/OHX−RCH(OH)CHX2OH\begin{aligned}&\ce{RCH=CH2 + Br2 -> RCHBr-CH2Br}\\&\ce{RCH=CH2 ->[\text{cold dil. }\ce{KMnO4}/\ce{OH-}] RCH(OH)CH2OH}\end{aligned}
Bromine water fades; Baeyer's: pink fades, brown MnOX2\ce{MnO2}. Phenol, aniline also decolourise but give a white ppt.
CAN and Lucas tests
6× asked, last 2026
(NHX4)X2[Ce(NOX3)X6]+3 ROH→[Ce(NOX3)X4(ROH)X3]+2 NHX4NOX3Lucas: 3∘ at once, 2∘ ∼5 min, 1∘ none\begin{aligned}&\ce{(NH4)2[Ce(NO3)6] + 3ROH}\\&\quad\ce{-> [Ce(NO3)4(ROH)3] + 2NH4NO3}\\&\text{Lucas: }3^\circ\ \text{at once},\ 2^\circ\ \sim5\ \text{min},\ 1^\circ\ \text{none}\end{aligned}
CAN: yellow → red with any alcohol. Lucas: conc. HCl + anhyd. ZnClX2\ce{ZnCl2}; benzyl, allyl react at once; phenols do not.
Phenols
8× asked, last 2026
6 CX6HX5OH+FeX3+→[Fe(OCX6HX5)X6]X3−+6 HX+ (violet)\ce{6C6H5OH + Fe^{3+} -> [Fe(OC6H5)6]^{3-} + 6H+}\ (\text{violet})
Neutral FeClX3\ce{FeCl3} (enols too). Bromine water: white tribromophenol. Phthalein test: pink in NaOH.
Carboxylic acids
3× asked, last 2026
RCOOH+NaHCOX3→RCOONa+HX2O+COX2↑RCOOH+CX2HX5OH⇌HX+RCOOCX2HX5+HX2O (fruity)\begin{aligned}&\ce{RCOOH + NaHCO3 -> RCOONa + H2O + CO2 ^}\\&\ce{RCOOH + C2H5OH <=>[\ce{H+}] RCOOC2H5 + H2O}\ (\text{fruity})\end{aligned}
Picric and sulphonic acids also fizz; phenol does not. NaOH dissolves acids and phenols, not alcohols.

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14 more formulas in 5 topics

Aldehydes and ketones, Amines, Preparations, Titrimetric analysis and Physical experiments. Read the first part free. Sign in free with Google to read the rest and download the PDF.

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Aldehydes and ketones

  • 2,4-DNP test2×
  • Tollens', Fehling's7×
  • Iodoform test2×

Amines

  • Carbylamine test3×
  • Hinsberg test1×
  • Nitrous acid and azo dye1×

Preparations

  • Acetanilide, p-nitroacetanilide1×
  • Aniline yellow
  • Mohr's salt and potash alum

Titrimetric analysis

  • Primary standards4×
  • Acid–base indicators5×
  • KMnO₄ titrations2×

Physical experiments

  • Enthalpy of solution and neutralisation
  • Sols and the iodine clock

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