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Amines & Diazonium Salts formula sheet

Every formula in the Amines & Diazonium Salts chapter for JEE Main, with one line on when it applies. Topic 1 is open to everyone; sign in free to read all 23 and download the PDF.

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Structure and physical properties

Classification
3× asked, last 2024
RNHX2 (1∘),RX2NH (2∘),RX3N (3∘)RX4NX+XX− (quaternary)\begin{aligned}&\ce{RNH2}\ (1^\circ),\quad \ce{R2NH}\ (2^\circ),\quad \ce{R3N}\ (3^\circ)\\&\ce{R4N+X-}\ (\text{quaternary})\end{aligned}
Degree = C atoms on N, so (CHX3)X3CNHX2\ce{(CH3)3CNH2} is 1°. N sp³, pyramidal; C–N–C 108° in (CHX3)X3N\ce{(CH3)3N}.
Boiling point
4× asked, last 2026
b.p. (K): CX4HX9OH 390>CX4HX9NHX2 351>(CX2HX5)X2NH 329>CX2HX5N(CHX3)X2 311\begin{aligned}&\text{b.p. (K): }\ce{C4H9OH}\ 390>\ce{C4H9NH2}\ 351\\&\quad>\ce{(C2H5)2NH}\ 329>\ce{C2H5N(CH3)2}\ 311\end{aligned}
Similar mass. N–H···N weaker than O–H···O; 3° has no N–H. 1° > 2° (two N–H). Lower amines dissolve in water.

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21 more formulas in 5 topics

Preparation of amines, Basic character, Reactions at nitrogen and tests, Electrophilic substitution in aniline and Diazonium salts. Read the first part free. Sign in free with Google to read the rest and download the PDF.

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Preparation of amines

  • Reduction of nitro compounds5×
  • Ammonolysis6×
  • Reduction of nitriles and amides16×
  • Gabriel synthesis13×
  • Hofmann bromamide21×

Basic character

  • Aliphatic amines6×
  • Arylamines8×
  • Ring substituents1×

Reactions at nitrogen and tests

  • Acylation and benzoylation6×
  • Carbylamine test11×
  • Hinsberg test18×
  • Nitrous acid10×

Electrophilic substitution in aniline

  • Bromination12×
  • Nitration7×
  • Sulphonation2×
  • No Friedel–Crafts6×

Diazonium salts

  • Diazotisation6×
  • Replacement by X, CN13×
  • Replacement by OH and H11×
  • Coupling: azo dyes22×
  • Diazonium route to meta patterns14×

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