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Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure formula sheet

Every formula in the Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure chapter for JEE Main, with one line on when it applies. Topic 1 is open to everyone; sign in free to read all 27 and download the PDF.

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How we count: 7× asked means 7 past JEE Main questions in the PrepWiser bank needed that formula, and "last" is the latest year one appeared. ★ marks formulas asked 8 or more times.

Lewis structures and formal charge

Valence electrons and lone pairs
7× asked, last 2026
N=∑V−q,lone pairs=N2−bondsN=\sum V-q,\qquad \text{lone pairs}=\frac N2-\text{bonds}
qq = signed charge (NOX2X−\ce{NO2-}: 18). A double bond counts 2. Lone pairs on every atom: CFX4\ce{CF4} has 12.
Octet exceptions
9× asked, last 2026
incomplete: BeClX2, BFX3, BX2HX6odd: NO, NOX2, ClOX2expanded (period 3 on): PClX5, SFX6, HX2SOX4, SOX2\begin{aligned}&\text{incomplete: }\ce{BeCl2},\ \ce{BF3},\ \ce{B2H6}\\&\text{odd: }\ce{NO},\ \ce{NO2},\ \ce{ClO2}\\&\text{expanded (period 3 on): }\ce{PCl5},\ \ce{SF6},\ \ce{H2SO4},\ \ce{SO2}\end{aligned}
Period 2 never exceeds 8. Odd total (NO\ce{NO} 11, NOX2\ce{NO2} 17) makes it odd-electron.
Formal charge
2× asked, last 2026
FC=V−L−12B\text{FC}=V-L-\tfrac12B
LL: lone-pair e−e^-, BB: bonding e−e^-. FCs add to the ion charge. OX3\ce{O3}: central O +1, single-bonded O −1.
σ and π bonds
9× asked, last 2025
double=1σ+1π,triple=1σ+2πσ=atoms−1+rings\begin{aligned}&\text{double}=1\sigma+1\pi,\quad \text{triple}=1\sigma+2\pi\\&\sigma=\text{atoms}-1+\text{rings}\end{aligned}
One connected molecule. CX2HX4\ce{C2H4}: 5 σ, 1 π. HX2SOX4\ce{H2SO4}: 6 σ, 2 π. HNOX3\ce{HNO3}: 1 π (N cannot pass 8).

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Practise Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure

23 more formulas in 6 topics

Ionic bonding and Fajans' rules; Bond parameters, resonance and dipole moment; VSEPR theory and shapes; Valence bond theory and hybridisation; Molecular orbital theory; and Hydrogen bonding. Read the first part free. Sign in free with Google to read the rest and download the PDF.

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Ionic bonding and Fajans' rules

  • Lattice enthalpy2×
  • Fajans' rules7×

Bond parameters, resonance and dipole moment

  • Bond length5×
  • Bond order of a resonance hybrid2×
  • Dipole moment2×
  • Zero dipole moment11×
  • Dipole orders8×

VSEPR theory and shapes

  • Steric number18×
  • Repulsion order5×
  • Shapes: SN 2 to 414×
  • Shapes: SN 514×
  • Shapes: SN 6 and 714×
  • Bond angles8×

Valence bond theory and hybridisation

  • σ and π overlap1×
  • Hybridisation from SN17×
  • d orbitals used5×
  • Carbon3×

Molecular orbital theory

  • LCAO8×
  • MO energy order8×
  • Bond order15×
  • Magnetism and the O₂ family21×

Hydrogen bonding

  • Hydrogen bond8×
  • Boiling points8×

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