PREPWISER.
Practise online

d & f Block Elements formula sheet

Every formula in the d & f Block Elements chapter for JEE Main, with one line on when it applies. Topic 1 is open to everyone; sign in free to read all 27 and download the PDF.

Sign in to read all 27Download PDF

Read the first part free. Sign in free with Google to read the rest and download the PDF: 3 A4 pages.3 A4 pages, ready to print.

How we count: 7× asked means 7 past JEE Main questions in the PrepWiser bank needed that formula, and "last" is the latest year one appeared. ★ marks formulas asked 8 or more times.

Transition elements and physical trends

d-block
3× asked, last 2024
(n−1)d1−10ns1−23d: Sc to Zn (21–30),4d: Y to Cd (39–48)5d: La, Hf to Hg (57, 72–80)\begin{aligned}&(n-1)d^{1-10}ns^{1-2}\\&\text{3d: Sc to Zn }(21\text{–}30),\quad \text{4d: Y to Cd }(39\text{–}48)\\&\text{5d: La, Hf to Hg }(57,\ 72\text{–}80)\end{aligned}
Transition: partly filled d in the atom or an ion. Zn, Cd, Hg are not (d10d^{10} throughout); Cu is (CuX2+\ce{Cu^{2+}} 3d93d^9).
Cr and Cu exceptions
3× asked, last 2025
Cr 3d54s1,Cu 3d104s1\text{Cr }3d^54s^1,\qquad \text{Cu }3d^{10}4s^1
Others are 3dn4s23d^n4s^2. Ions lose 4s first: FeX2+\ce{Fe^{2+}} is 3d63d^6. Atomic Cr has 6 unpaired electrons.
Enthalpy of atomisation (kJ mol⁻¹)
7× asked, last 2025
ScTiVCrMn326473515397281FeCoNiCuZn416425430339126\begin{array}{ccccc}\text{Sc}&\text{Ti}&\text{V}&\text{Cr}&\text{Mn}\\ 326&473&515&397&281\\[4pt] \text{Fe}&\text{Co}&\text{Ni}&\text{Cu}&\text{Zn}\\ 416&425&430&339&126\end{array}
More unpaired d + s electrons, stronger metallic bonding: V peak, Mn dip (d5d^5), Zn lowest; Hg is a liquid.
Radius and density
1× asked, last 2024
r falls early, then levels offρ: Sc 3.4→Cu 8.9 g cm−3\begin{aligned}&r\text{ falls early, then levels off}\\&\rho:\ \text{Sc }3.4\to\text{Cu }8.9\ \text{g cm}^{-3}\end{aligned}
Sc 164, Cr 129, Fe 126, Ni 125, Cu 128, Zn 137 pm: d electrons shield poorly but repel.

Practise d & f Block Elements questions as you read. Free, and you can start without signing up.

Practise d & f Block Elements

23 more formulas in 5 topics

Ionisation enthalpy, oxidation states and E°; Magnetism, colour, catalysis and alloys; Oxides and chromium(VI) compounds; Potassium permanganate; and Lanthanoids and actinoids. Read the first part free. Sign in free with Google to read the rest and download the PDF.

Sign in to read the restYou come straight back to this spot.Download the PDF

Ionisation enthalpy, oxidation states and E°

  • Ionisation enthalpies5×
  • Oxidation states7×
  • Higher states11×
  • E°(M²⁺/M) in V8×
  • E°(M³⁺/M²⁺) in V9×

Magnetism, colour, catalysis and alloys

  • Spin-only magnetic moment29×
  • Colours of aqua ions13×
  • Catalysts3×
  • Alloys3×

Oxides and chromium(VI) compounds

  • Oxides14×
  • K₂Cr₂O₇ from chromite4×
  • Chromate ⇌ dichromate8×
  • Dichromate as oxidant7×
  • Chromyl chloride and CrO₅5×

Potassium permanganate

  • KMnO₄ from MnO₂9×
  • Manganate and permanganate9×
  • KMnO₄: the medium decides11×
  • Oxalate titration

Lanthanoids and actinoids

  • Lanthanoid configurations8×
  • Lanthanoid oxidation states15×
  • Lanthanoid contraction
  • Colour and magnetism7×
  • Actinoids8×

Practise d & f Block Elements next

About 175 past JEE Main questions from this chapter, with instant answer checking and step-by-step solutions where available. Free, and you can start without signing up.

Practise d & f Block Elements

Also free on PrepWiser

Spotted a mistake? Write to support@prepwiser.in and we will fix it in the next version.

Version 1, October 2026. Free to share for study, as it is. Please don't sell it or remove the PrepWiser name.

PractiseSign in to read all 27Download PDF
Free with Google, takes a few seconds3 pages, free