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General Organic Chemistry (GOC) formula sheet

Every formula in the General Organic Chemistry (GOC) chapter for JEE Main, with one line on when it applies. Topic 1 is open to everyone; sign in free to read all 29 and download the PDF.

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How we count: 7× asked means 7 past JEE Main questions in the PrepWiser bank needed that formula, and "last" is the latest year one appeared. ★ marks formulas asked 8 or more times.

Bonding, classification and IUPAC names

Degree of unsaturation
5× asked, last 2025
DoU=2C+2+N−H−X2σ=atoms−1+rings\begin{aligned}&\text{DoU}=\frac{2C+2+N-H-X}2\\&\sigma=\text{atoms}-1+\text{rings}\end{aligned}
Each ring or π bond is 1; a triple bond is 2. 4 single bonds: sp³; one double: sp²; triple or two doubles: sp.
Functional-group priority
4× asked, last 2026
−COOH>−SOX3H>anhydride>−COOR>−COX>−CONHX2>−CN>−CHO>>C=O>−OH>−NHX2>C=C, C≡C\begin{aligned}&\ce{-COOH}>\ce{-SO3H}>\text{anhydride}>\ce{-COOR}\\&>\ce{-COX}>\ce{-CONH2}>\ce{-CN}>\ce{-CHO}\\&>\ce{>C=O}>\ce{-OH}>\ce{-NH2}>\ce{C=C},\ \ce{C#C}\end{aligned}
Top group = suffix, nearest C1. −R\ce{-R}, −X\ce{-X}, −NOX2\ce{-NO2}, −OR\ce{-OR} are always prefixes. Homologues differ by CHX2\ce{CH2}.
Parent chain and locants
9× asked, last 2025
chain: principal group→most multiple bonds→longest→most brancheslocants: suffix→multiple bonds→prefixes\begin{aligned}&\text{chain: principal group}\to\text{most multiple bonds}\\&\quad\to\text{longest}\to\text{most branches}\\&\text{locants: suffix}\to\text{multiple bonds}\to\text{prefixes}\end{aligned}
Lowest set at the first difference ({2,5,6} beats {3,4,7}). Prefixes A to Z; -en- before -yn-. Tie: first-cited prefix lower.
Polyfunctional chains
6× asked, last 2026
OHC−CH(CHX3)−CH=CH−CH(CHX3)−COOH2,5-dimethyl-6-oxohex-3-enoic acid\begin{aligned}&\ce{OHC-CH(CH3)-CH=CH-CH(CH3)-COOH}\\&\text{2,5-dimethyl-6-oxohex-3-enoic acid}\end{aligned}
C of −COOH\ce{-COOH}, −CHO\ce{-CHO}, −CN\ce{-CN} is C1; outranked CHO: oxo or formyl. Benzene-1,2-, 1,3-, 1,4-diol: catechol, resorcinol, quinol.

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Practise General Organic Chemistry (GOC)

25 more formulas in 6 topics

Structural and geometrical isomerism, Optical isomerism, Electronic effects, Reactive intermediates, Aromaticity and physical properties and Acidity and basicity. Read the first part free. Sign in free with Google to read the rest and download the PDF.

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Structural and geometrical isomerism

  • Structural isomerism11×
  • Isomer counts
  • Substitution products6×
  • Keto–enol tautomerism3×
  • Geometrical isomerism11×

Optical isomerism

  • Chirality15×
  • Stereoisomer counts13×
  • R/S and D/L

Electronic effects

  • Inductive effect5×
  • Mesomeric effect8×
  • Stable canonical forms5×
  • Resonance and bond length4×
  • Hyperconjugation6×
  • Electromeric effect3×
  • Groups on a benzene ring9×

Reactive intermediates

  • Bond fission6×
  • Carbocation stability14×
  • Carbanion stability6×
  • Nucleophiles and electrophiles4×

Aromaticity and physical properties

  • Hückel's rule15×
  • Boiling and melting points7×

Acidity and basicity

  • O–H acidity8×
  • C–H acidity6×
  • Substituted phenols5×
  • Basicity of N compounds7×

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