JEE Main 2021 · 27 August · morning · Single correct · +4 / −1

Tyndall effect is more effectively shown by :

  1. (a) true solution
  2. (b) lyophilic colloid
  3. (c) lyophobic colloid
  4. (d) suspension
Answer and solution

Answer (c) lyophobic colloid

Solution

Chemistry ma’am · 3 steps

Scattering needs two things: particles of the right size and a big refractive-index gap with the medium.

  1. Two conditions. A beam shows up as a bright path only when light is scattered. That needs particles not much smaller than the wavelength of light (colloidal size, 1 to 1000 nm). It also needs a large difference in refractive index between the particles and the medium.
  2. Lyophobic versus lyophilic. Lyophobic particles do not attract the medium, so they stay distinct and their refractive index differs a lot from it. Lyophilic particles are heavily solvated, so their refractive index comes close to the medium's and scattering is weak.
    SystemParticle sizeRefractive index gapTyndall effect
    True solutionbelow 1 nm, too smallnot relevantabsent
    Lyophilic colloidcolloidalsmall (particles solvated)weak
    Lyophobic colloidcolloidallargestrong
    Suspensionabove 1000 nmnot relevantnot shown; mixture is turbid and settles
  3. So. Only the lyophobic colloid meets both conditions well, so it shows the Tyndall effect most effectively. The answer is (c).

The idea to keep. For Tyndall effect, check size first (it must be colloidal), then the refractive-index gap. Solvation shrinks the gap, so lyophilic sols scatter less than lyophobic ones.

Answer from the NTA final answer key. Solution by PrepWiser.

Study Surface Chemistry

Asked about 80 times in JEE Main since 2020. This question is from 2021.